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CASE STUDY ONE:

• Cell Structure and Function: HPV/Cervical cancer:

Explain why the human papilloma virus (HPV) is linked specifically to cervical cancer. Using what you have learnt about DNA and protein synthesis, cell division and specialization, describe how cervical cells that are subject to trauma from HPV can cause a malignant tumor.

• Movement of Molecules: Dehydration


Explain what type of solution would typically be infused intravenously in a patient suffering dehydration and why solutions of other tonicity would not be used. Using your knowledge of osmotic gradients between semipermeable membranes, explain how the fluid compartments of the body can be in a state of osmotic equilibrium and chemical disequilibrium.